小學之道──從漢簡看漢代識字教育

展期：2026年11月25日起

展區：歷史文物陳列館 二樓居延漢簡區（201室）

​漢代的識字教育稱為「小學」，進階教育則為「大學」。東漢崔寔《四民月令》說：正月、八月時，「命幼童入小學，學書篇章」，即指學習識字書《蒼頡》、《急就》，以及計數的九九術、計算時日干支的六甲等等，其中識字可說是最重要的課程。

​在居延、敦煌漢簡中有很多練習抄寫《蒼頡》、《急就》、九九、六甲的殘簡，也發現了一支頗為完整的毛筆，證明西漢中期至東漢初期邊塞吏卒曾利用守邊的機會，接受初級的教育。

​本展覽展示居延出土，以隸書、草書、篆書練習書寫《蒼頡》、《急就》、六甲干支和九九的簡、牘和觚為主，另精選若干書跡優美的簡牘，以饗書法愛好者。​

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​The Way to Literacy: Han Dynasty Literacy Education as Revealed by Wooden Slips

Exhibition Date：Starting Nov. 25, 2026

Exhibition Room：Room201, Museum of the Institute of History & Philology, Academia Sinica

​In the Han dynasty, basic literacy instruction was known as xiaoxue (the minor learning), while more advanced education was called daxue (the great learning). In Simin yueling (Monthly Instructions for the Four Classes of Peoples), Cui Shi wrote that in the first and eighth months, “young children were to enter xiaoxue and study written texts.” This is referred to learning from primers such as Cangjie and Jijiu (The Handy Primer), as well as studying multiplication tables and liujia (the sexagenary cycle) used to calculate dates. Of these subjects, literacy was regarded as the most important.

​Numerous fragmentary slips from Juyan and Dunhuang contain exercise copying passages from Cangjie and Jijiu, multiplication tables, and the sexagenary cycle. A relatively well-preserved writing brush was also discovered. Together, these finds indicate that from the middle of the Western Han to the early Eastern Han (2nd century BCE-1st century CE), clerks and soldiers stationed on the frontier took the advantage of their posting to acquire a basic education.

​This special exhibition features Han wooden slips, tablets, and gu (polyhedral tablets) excavated at Juyan that were used to practice copying the Cangjie and Jijiu, the sexagenary cycle, and multiplication tables in clerical, cursive, and seal scripts. It also includes a selection of slips and tablets notable for their exquisite calligraphy, especially for the enjoyment of calligraphy enthusiasts.